More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal NANOPARTICLES have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and IRON oxide NANOPARTICLES on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide NANOPARTICLES in 25 and 50 nm sizes, IRON oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. NANOPARTICLES and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, IRON and zinc. The application of NANOPARTICLES had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two NANOPARTICLES alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Absorption is a common technology used for water and wastewater treatment since it is often fast and efficient, while costly at the same time. Therefore, the development of low-cost and efficient adsorbents has led to the rapid growth of research interest in this regard. Chitosan is a natural polyaminosaccharide with effective adsorption properties, which is applied to remove various pollutants. However, it has low efficiency in the adsorption of some pollutants, and its separation from aqueous solutions is difficult as well. Therefore, modification of chitosan has been recommended to address this issue. The present study aimed to synthesize nanosized chitosanMAGNETIC IRON particles and determine their properties. MAGNETIC IRON NANOPARTICLES were fabricated using the chemical precipitation method, and MAGNETIC chitosan was prepared. Several methods were applied to assess the properties of the synthesized adsorbent, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. Chitosan-MAGNETIC IRON NANOPARTICLES had higher surface roughness and irregular pores, and the MAGNETIC IRON NANOPARTICLES were successfully embedded in chitosan. Due to the surface charge of the chitosan-MAGNETIC IRON NANOPARTICLES, it could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of contaminants with negative charge and their complete separation from aqueous solutions using magnets. . .

Cancer is one of the current, widespread diseases in the world which human beings have tackled over the years. In this study the whole process of hyperthermia was simulated in the “COMSOL” software. The octane base fluid and 〖Fe〗_3 O_4 nanoMAGNETIC particles were used in the simulations. The infusion of nanofluid into the porous medium, nanofluid diffusion in tumor, and production of heat caused by nanoMAGNETIC particles were included. For the selected geometry and by using the fine grid, the nanofluid pressure and concentration as function of time were calculated. The results showed that all the physics were involved and were correctly implemented in the Comsol software. Also, the effect of the MAGNETIC field intensity and it’s frequency, concentration and diameter of the NANOPARTICLES on the temperature distribution inside the tumor has been investigated. The calculations showed that by increasing the MAGNETIC field intensity from 1.2 kA/m to 1.4 kA/m, frequency from 164kHz to 180kHz, concentration of NANOPARTICLES from 1024.29 mol/m3 to 1200 mol/m3 and NANOPARTICLES diameter from 8nm to 11nm the tumoral tissue temperature increased from 48℃ to 54℃, 48℃ to 65℃, 48℃ to 80℃ and 48℃ to 160℃ respectively. The mentioned parameters have a direct effect on the generated heat inside the tumor, but it should be noted that increasing the temperature up to 48 ℃ is suitable and temperatures more than 48 ℃ causes damage in the healthy tissues around the tumor.

In recently MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES (MNPs) have attracted a lot of attention in the field of biomedicine because of distinctive physicochemical characteristics, chemical stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and ease of external MAGNETIC field guidance. It has been outlined how MNPs with controlled size, shape, and MAGNETIC characteristics are prepared for use in industrial, bioengineering, and commercial applications. In fields of life science such as agriculture, the envIRONment, and healthcare, IRON Oxide NANOPARTICLES (IONPs) are essential. By coating the IONPs with proteins, starch, polymers, etc., the IONPs can be further enriched. Applications of biomedical are also discussed, including drug administration, hyperthermia, biosensing, and bioseparation. We can treat the tumor by directly injecting IONPs into the organ and using an external MAGNETIC field. The preparation techniques for IONPs, coatings of organic and non-organic compounds, and biological applications have all been outlined in this review. In addition, the surface of IRON oxide NPs may be changed by inorganic or organic compounds such as metals, polymers, proteins, silica, etc. The guidelines for the synthesis and surface functionalization of IRON oxide NPs are discussed, as well as the problems and major challenges. In-depth discussion has been given in this study of the prospective developments and trends of IONPs in medication delivery and hyperthermia. 

In the present study, the removal of heavy metals (in the case of cobalt removal) from contaminated water using Fe3O4 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES and the effects of pH factors, time, cobalt concentration and temperature on cobalt removal were investigated and to describe the data obtained Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherms have been used for absorption experiments. The experiments were designed with the Taguchi method in the Coalition software, which uses a partial factorial method. NANOPARTICLES are synthesized by co-operation in the laboratory, and then experiments are performed on four levels of each factor on a simulated solution containing cobalt, and the results are analyzed with the aid of the Coalytic software using the Taguchi standard analysis method. The highest cobalt adsorption rate is 81%, pH is equal to 9, 15 minutes, initial concentration of cobalt is 7 mg / l, and 60 °,C. Also, according to the analysis, the optimum conditions in pH state are 9, the remaining 10 minutes, the initial concentration of cobalt is 25 mg / L, and 20 °,C. The rate of yield in cobalt adsorption is expected to be 383/86 percent. At the end, the result of the experiment under optimal conditions on real industrial waste water contains 36 mg / l of cobalt 60 with an absorption rate of 6. 7%, which is 17. 1%, due to changes in experimental and actual conditions. The data obtained from adsorption isotherms are consistent with the two models and are more fitted to the Freundlich model.

Introduction: One class of MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES is MAGNETIC IRON oxide NANOPARTICLES (MIONs) which has been widely offered due to of their many advantages. Owing to the extensive application of MIONs in biomedicine, before they can be used in vivo, their cytotoxicity have to be investigated. Therefore, there is an urgent need for understanding the potential risks associated with MIONs. Materials and Methods: Firstly, gold-coated Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES (GMNP) were synthesized. The size, structure and spectroscopic properties of the NANOPARTICLES were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, respectively. Cytotoxicity of NANOPARTICLES was studied with different concentrations ranging from 10 μ g/mL up to 400 μ g/mL and for different incubation times (12 hours and 24 hours) on MCF-7 and HFFF-PI6. Cytotoxicity study was performed by MTT assay. Results: XRD pattern confirmed the structure of GMNPs and TEM image shows that GMNPs are under 50 nm. For MCF-7 and HFFF-PI6 cells, at concentration of 300 and 400 μ g/mL, Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES are toxic, respectively. Moreover, for both cells, cell viability for GMNPs is higher than %80, therefore, up to 400 μ g/mL they are not toxic. Results show that for both cells, Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES have higher cytotoxicity than GMNPs. Conclusion: This finding suggests that gold coating reduces the toxic effects of uncoated Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES. Less toxicity of GMNP may be attributed to controlled release from Fe2+ ions in intracellular space. Moreover, cell toxicity increased with raise in dose (concentration) and incubation time.